Tag: nutrition

The Sound of Revulsion: Why Certain Medical Words Make Us Cringe

.Reading time 10 minutes.

A collaboration between Lewis McLain & AI

Some words repel us instantly. We hear them and recoil—not metaphorically, but physically. The face tightens. The stomach shifts. Attention snaps to the body. Words like pus, phlegm, canker sore, or sty provoke this reaction before we have time to think about what they mean or why they matter. The response feels automatic, involuntary, and strangely universal.

This is not accidental. It is biological.

Just as the nervous system is tuned to detect calm through sound, it is also finely calibrated to detect contamination, decay, and bodily threat. Language that activates those signals does so through a powerful combination of sound, imagery, and evolutionary conditioning. The cringe response is not a failure of composure; it is a survival reflex being triggered by speech.

Many medical terms that provoke disgust cluster around a few themes: bodily fluids, tissue breakdown, infection, and invasion. These are precisely the categories the human brain evolved to treat with caution. Long before microscopes or medicine, avoiding rot, seepage, and visible injury increased survival. The words that describe these phenomena still carry that ancient warning system inside them.

Sound plays a decisive role. Harsh or wet-sounding consonants—p, k, g, t, s, z—combine with short, blunt vowels to produce acoustic “impacts.” Pus ends abruptly, like a stop. Phlegm drags and sticks in the mouth. Cyst snaps shut. These words resist smooth airflow and disrupt breath, which the nervous system interprets as obstruction or threat.

Some words imitate the sensations they describe. Ooze stretches unpleasantly. Slough feels slippery and slow. Phlegm requires throat tension to pronounce, forcing awareness of mucus and swallowing. This is a form of phonetic mimicry: the mouth reenacts the problem while naming it. The body does not appreciate the demonstration.

Imagery compounds the effect. Words like necrosis, gangrene, or putrefaction describe not just illness but loss of boundary—tissue breaking down, form dissolving, order collapsing. Humans are deeply unsettled by the erosion of physical integrity. These terms signal that something meant to be contained is spreading, leaking, or dying. The brain responds with alarm and disgust, emotions specifically designed to prompt avoidance.

Disgust itself is a fascinating emotion. Unlike fear, which prepares the body to flee, disgust prepares it to reject—to pull away, to expel, to close off. Cringing, gagging, and tightening are part of the same reflex family. When a word triggers disgust, it narrows attention to the body and overrides abstract thought. This is why even clinically neutral terms can feel emotionally loaded.

Medical professionals learn to neutralize this response through repetition and context. For patients, however, the words arrive unbuffered. Without training, the body hears the word first and reacts before reason can intervene. This helps explain why bedside language matters so much, and why euphemisms and gentler phrasing persist even in scientific settings. Precision is not the only value at stake; physiological response matters too.

There is also a social dimension. Many of these words violate polite boundaries. They drag private bodily processes into public language. That boundary crossing itself produces discomfort. Language, after all, is not just information—it is a shared space. When a word introduces decay, discharge, or rupture into that space, listeners instinctively recoil.

Yet these words exist for a reason. They are meant to be vivid. They carry urgency. They mark danger. Just as calming words invite the nervous system to rest, cringing words jolt it awake. The problem arises only when such language is used casually, excessively, or without regard for its impact. A word that belongs in a clinical chart can become unnecessarily distressing in conversation.

Understanding why these words disturb us does not require us to sanitize language or deny reality. It gives us awareness. We begin to hear not just what a word communicates, but what it does to the listener. We recognize that revulsion, like calm, can be summoned through sound—and that summoning it has consequences.

In the end, this completes the larger insight your essays have been circling: language is never inert. Words act on the body. Some soothe. Some alarm. Some repel. To speak well is not merely to choose accurate words, but to choose words with an understanding of the nervous system they will inhabit.

Appendix A: Medical and Anatomical Terms That Commonly Provoke Disgust

Fluids, Secretions, and Discharge

  • pus — thick fluid produced by infection, composed of dead cells
  • phlegm — thick mucus produced in the respiratory tract
  • sputum — material expelled from the lungs by coughing
  • mucus — slippery secretion lining and protecting tissues
  • ooze — slow leakage of fluid from tissue
  • discharge — fluid released from a wound or body opening
  • exudate — fluid leaked from blood vessels during inflammation
  • purulent — containing or producing pus
  • bile — digestive fluid produced by the liver
  • vomitus — matter expelled from the stomach
  • fecal matter — solid waste from digestion

Infection, Decay, and Tissue Death

  • necrosis — death of body tissue
  • necrotic — affected by tissue death
  • gangrene — tissue death caused by loss of blood or infection
  • putrefaction — decomposition of organic tissue
  • slough — dead tissue separating from living tissue
  • sepsis — life-threatening response to infection
  • septic — infected with disease-causing organisms
  • putrid — decaying with a foul odor
  • mortification — death and decay of tissue

Lesions, Growths, and Abnormalities

  • lesion — area of damaged or abnormal tissue
  • boil — painful pus-filled skin infection
  • abscess — localized collection of pus
  • cyst — closed sac filled with fluid or semi-solid material
  • pustule — small pus-filled skin elevation
  • carbuncle — cluster of connected boils
  • chancre — ulcer at the site of infection
  • wart — benign skin growth caused by virus
  • tumor — abnormal mass of tissue
  • nodule — small rounded mass or lump

Skin and Surface Damage

  • scab — dried blood forming over a wound
  • erosion — gradual wearing away of tissue
  • ulcer — open sore on skin or mucous membrane
  • fissure — deep crack or split in tissue
  • blister — fluid-filled pocket under skin
  • eschar — dead tissue that falls off from skin
  • excoriation — skin abrasion from scratching

Trauma and Structural Injury

  • laceration — torn or jagged wound
  • contusion — bruise caused by trauma
  • rupture — break or tear in tissue or organ
  • avulsion — forcible tearing away of tissue
  • perforation — hole formed through tissue or organ
  • prolapse — displacement of an organ from its normal position
  • herniation — protrusion of tissue through surrounding structure

Procedures and Interventions

  • debridement — removal of dead or infected tissue
  • incision — surgical cut into tissue
  • drainage — removal of fluid or pus
  • excision — surgical removal of tissue
  • cauterization — burning tissue to stop bleeding or infection
  • amputation — removal of a limb or body part
  • curettage — scraping tissue from a surface

Infestation and Invasion

  • maggot — larval stage of a fly
  • infestation — invasion by parasites
  • larvae — immature forms of insects
  • parasitic — living on or in a host organism
  • colonization — establishment of organisms in tissue
  • biofilm — community of microorganisms attached to a surface

Odor, Texture, and Sensory Descriptors

  • fetid — having an extremely unpleasant odor
  • rancid — spoiled with offensive smell
  • malodorous — emitting a bad odor
  • slimy — slippery and viscous to the touch
  • viscous — thick and sticky in consistency
  • congealed — thickened into a semi-solid state

Inflammation and Bleeding

  • edema — swelling caused by fluid retention
  • hemorrhage — heavy or uncontrolled bleeding
  • hematoma — localized collection of blood outside vessels
  • erythema — redness of the skin
  • engorged — swollen with blood or fluid

Oral, Ocular, and Facial (High Sensitivity)

  • canker sore — painful ulcer inside the mouth
  • sty — infected gland at the eyelid margin
  • conjunctival discharge — fluid from the eye
  • oral lesion — abnormal tissue in the mouth
  • infected socket — contaminated tooth extraction site

Waste and Elimination

  • excrement — bodily waste
  • fecal impaction — hardened stool stuck in intestine
  • incontinence — inability to control elimination
  • diarrhea — frequent loose bowel movements
  • suppuration — process of pus formation

Boundary-Violating Terms

  • open wound — injury with exposed tissue
  • exposed tissue — internal tissue visible externally
  • necrotic margin — boundary between dead and living tissue
  • tissue breakdown — loss of structural integrity

Dementia: Understanding, Preventing, and Facing It

.Reading time 6 minutes.

By Lewis McLain guiding and editing AI

Introduction: What Dementia Is and Why It Happens

Dementia is not one disease but a syndrome—a group of conditions that progressively damage the brain and impair memory, reasoning, language, and daily living. It develops when neurons (brain cells) are injured or die, severing the communication networks that underlie thought and personality.

The Major Types of Dementia

  1. Alzheimer’s Disease – The most common form (60–70% of cases). Caused by abnormal protein accumulations—amyloid plaques outside cells and tau tangles inside cells—that disrupt communication and kill neurons. Symptoms usually start with short-term memory loss and grow into confusion, language difficulties, and personality change.
  2. Vascular Dementia – Often follows strokes or years of high blood pressure and vessel damage. Tiny areas of the brain die from lack of blood flow. Symptoms: slowed thinking, planning difficulties, and sometimes abrupt declines after strokes.
  3. Lewy Body Dementia – Triggered by deposits of alpha-synuclein proteins (Lewy bodies). Signs include vivid hallucinations, sleep disruptions, and movement issues resembling Parkinson’s disease.
  4. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) – Caused by degeneration in the brain’s frontal and temporal lobes. It strikes younger adults more often (40s–60s). Early symptoms: loss of empathy, social misjudgments, inappropriate behavior, or speech problems.
  5. Mixed Dementia – Many older adults have overlapping forms—most commonly Alzheimer’s plus vascular changes.

Why Dementia Develops

  • Age: risk rises steeply with age, though dementia is not “normal” aging.
  • Genetics: some genes (like APOE-ε4) raise Alzheimer’s risk.
  • Cardiovascular factors: high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and smoking damage vessels that feed the brain.
  • Lifestyle: inactivity, poor diet, isolation, and chronic stress erode brain resilience.
  • Head trauma: repeated concussions or injuries increase risk.

Staving Off Dementia: What Helps

  1. Exercise & Cardiovascular Health
    • Aerobic activity (walking, swimming, cycling) improves blood flow and stimulates brain-protective chemicals.
    • Controlling blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol protects small vessels that keep brain tissue alive.
  2. Diet
    • The Mediterranean and MIND diets—rich in leafy greens, berries, nuts, olive oil, and fish—are linked to lower risk.
    • Reducing processed sugars and excessive alcohol helps protect cognition.
  3. Brain Stimulation
    • Reading, learning, music, puzzles, and meaningful conversations create new neural connections (cognitive reserve).
    • Social engagement lowers risk of decline compared to isolation.
  4. Sleep & Stress
    • Deep sleep clears harmful proteins like amyloid.
    • Chronic stress raises cortisol, damaging memory regions; prayer, meditation, or relaxation techniques counteract this.
  5. Purposeful Living
    • Having goals, serving others, and maintaining daily structure all reinforce mental resilience.

Dealing With Dementia: When It Arrives

  1. Practical Care
    • Create predictable routines—familiarity reduces anxiety.
    • Simplify tasks into small steps; use labels, calendars, and cues.
    • Modify the home for safety (remove tripping hazards, improve lighting, secure exits).
  2. Emotional & Relational Care
    • Focus on what remains: music, touch, prayer, rituals often endure even late in the disease.
    • Loved ones should practice patience and avoid arguing—redirecting and reassuring is more effective.
    • Caregivers must seek respite and support groups; burnout is common.
  3. Medical & Therapeutic Approaches
    • Some medications (donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine) may slow symptoms, though modestly.
    • Occupational therapy, speech therapy, and memory training help preserve abilities.
    • In later stages, palliative care focuses on comfort and dignity.
  4. Spiritual Care
    • Scripture, hymns, or prayer can provide peace even when memory fades.
    • Families may reframe dementia not only as loss but as a chance to show love, patience, and service.

A Practical Brain Health Checklist

Daily

  • 30 minutes of physical activity (walk, swim, cycle, stretch)
  • At least 2 servings of leafy greens or colorful vegetables
  • Engage in 1 mental challenge (crossword, reading, learning a skill)
  • 7–8 hours of quality sleep
  • Prayer, meditation, or quiet reflection to reduce stress

Weekly

  • Eat 2+ servings of fish (salmon, sardines, tuna)
  • Attend a social gathering (church, club, family meal, volunteering)
  • Try something novel (new route, new recipe, new book)
  • Review and update medication, blood pressure, or glucose checks

Monthly

  • Connect with healthcare professionals for preventive care
  • Evaluate and refresh home environment for safety and stimulation
  • Plan or participate in a purposeful project or community service

Conclusion

Dementia is a cruel thief, robbing memory and independence. Yet it is not inevitable. A healthy lifestyle can delay its onset by years—and delaying by even five years could cut new cases in half. For those already touched by it, compassion, structure, and dignity-centered care make the journey bearable.

To stave it off and to deal with it are really part of the same calling: to live fully, with purpose, in relationship, and with care for both body and soul—right up until the end.